1. Overview of manufacturing process
The manufacturing of European air hose coupling mainly adopts casting process, which mainly includes two methods: investment casting and sand casting. Each method has its own unique advantages and disadvantages and is suitable for different production needs and conditions.

2. Investment casting
Investment casting is a precision casting process, and its process usually includes the following steps:

Mold making: It is made using a high-precision model, usually a wax mold or a resin mold. The accuracy of the mold directly affects the size and surface finish of the final product.
Pouring: Pour the molten metal into the mold, and after cooling and solidification, it forms the desired shape.
Demolding: After cooling, remove the mold to obtain the casting.
Advantages:

High precision: Investment casting can produce higher precision products and is suitable for parts with complex shapes.
Surface finish: The surface of the casting is smooth and usually does not require secondary processing.
High material utilization: Since less waste is generated during the casting process, the material cost can be effectively reduced.
Disadvantages:

High cost: Due to the complexity of mold manufacturing and production process, the cost of investment casting is relatively high, suitable for small batch, high value products.
3. Sand casting
Sand casting is a traditional and widely used casting process, the main process includes:

Mold making: Use sand and binder to make a mold. The mold making is relatively simple and can usually be completed quickly.
Pouring: Pour the molten metal into the sand mold, and remove the mold after it cools and solidifies.
Demolding: After completion, remove the sand mold to get the casting.
Advantages:

Low cost: The mold manufacturing cost of sand casting is relatively low, which is suitable for mass production.
Strong flexibility: The mold can be quickly replaced to meet the needs of different products.
Wide range of applications: Able to cast a variety of materials, especially large and complex products.
Disadvantages:

Low precision: The precision of sand casting is usually not as good as investment casting, the surface finish is poor, and subsequent processing may be required.
More waste: Since a certain amount of waste will be generated during the casting process, the material utilization rate is relatively low.
4. Manufacturing options for European air hose couplings
For the manufacture of European air hose couplings, investment casting and sand casting are usually used in combination. According to the specific needs of the product, such as the accuracy, surface quality and production batch of the connector, manufacturers can flexibly choose the appropriate casting method.

Investment casting: suitable for connector parts that require high precision and finish, such as sealing rings and connectors.
Sand casting: suitable for parts that are mass-produced and have relatively loose precision requirements, such as basic connectors.